Personal Statement My Personal Philosophy Of Education

My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is complex as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachers looked at me in a pity way. They always felt the need to feel sorry for me and to question my academic excellence when I performed highly on exams. There were numerous times in which a teacher asked if I received outside help with my work or if I needed extra or â€Å"alternative†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Students will be given ample opportunity to interact with the text, and each other to strengthen their learning. The lessons in my classroom will be student driven, so that each child knows they matter and that they are valued when they walk into my classroom. I will facilitate trust building activities appropriate for my students, so they can begin to see each other as support system instead of competitors. The norms and rules for my learning environment will be Do Your Best, and Have Fun. These two rules are vital because they do not expect students to neither act a certain way nor conform to societal expectations. The rules will hold students accountable for their learning. With these rules, every student plays an authentic role in co-constructing the rules since they are given the opportunity to do â€Å"their† best. In my classroom, students will bring their authentic stories to share and connect with the lessons being taught. There’s often a detachment from the curriculum to students’ lives in all subjects, but particularly in social studies. â€Å"Many students found social studies content boring, citing that the information is too far removed from t heir experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mark, p.11). This is the result of instruction that is not multifaceted. Students are not given the opportunity to interact with their studies and conceptualize their learning to meet their individual needs. Students do not see the relevance, and practicality ofShow MoreRelatedHigher Education Faculty Teaching Philosophy845 Words   |  4 PagesHigher Education Faculty Teaching Philosophy Introduction Many higher institutions have a statement of philosophies of their own derived from their pioneer or parent institutions or organizations (Higgins Leonora, 2009). The Catholic University of America School of Nursing has its pioneer group that is the Catholic Church. Therefore, every value, virtue, norm, composition and beliefs are all originated from the Catholic Church and are thus modified to fit its environmentRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents were highly educatedRead MoreEssay about Personal Educational Philosophy1069 Words   |  5 Pagespaper is my personal educational philosophy statement. It represents my ideas and values about teaching and learning; it reveals my personal teaching beliefs and their relation to the five major established educational philosophies; it shows my role and responsibilities in educational process. I place great significance on personal style of instruction and its influence on curriculum implementation. The paper also highlights my career aspiration and orientation. Personal EducationalRead MoreStatement Of Philosophy. Record Your Statements Of Philosophy1057 Words   |  5 Pages Statement of Philosophy Record your statements of philosophy of Nursing and of personal philosophy. Explain how these are reflected the values, vision, and personal interests that you recorded in your â€Å"My Vision and Interests† tool. My personal philosophy of nursing is to assist all my patients and their families during this crisis of illness and improve to their outcomes, using only the best nursing practices. Although their hospital stay may be unpreventable I can better facilitate their journeyRead MoreCareer Pl Professional Development Plan1638 Words   |  7 PagesUnacceptable Statement of Philosophy (max 20 points) (16-20 points) Clear statement of philosophy of nursing (7 points) (9-15 points) Statement of philosophy of nursing (5 points) (0-8 points) One or more philosophy statements missing or poorly written (0-5 points) Clear statement of personal philosophy (6 points) Statement of personal philosophy (5 points) Both philosophies clearly reflected in values, vision, and personal interests (in first assessment tool) (7 points) Both philosophies somewhatRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy of Education958 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Education It is customary that on New Year’s Eve, we make New Year resolution. The fact is that we are making a set of guideline that we want to live by. These are motives that we seek to achieve. In a similar way, teachers live by philosophy. This essay focuses on my personal philosophy of education. It unfolds the function of philosophy in a teacher’s life, my view on the purpose of education, the student teacher- relationship and the philosophy which influences myRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing949 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing My inspiration to pursue a career in Nursing began at a young age, after reading the biography of Florence Nightingale. I was in middle school, and intrigued at her courage, and dedication to care for the sick. As I entered college, and into a formal nursing education program, I still viewed nursing as, the care provided to another in need. Without my knowing, I was developing a philosophy of nursing for myself. As the years passed, I began to realize that nursingRead MoreThe Role Of A Teaching Philosophy Statement1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of a Teaching Philosophy Statement (TPS) Personal development is one aspect of gaining new information to enhance skills, abilities and overall knowledge. The development of a TPS, is a personal analysis of general concepts of teaching, learning, observations and experiences, transferred into the learning environment (Caukin, 2017). Consequently, the statement is intimate, insightful, with an inclusion of personal views of the aspects of teaching, foundation of learning, in addition toRead MoreHistory of Education and Philosophy of Nurse Education1416 Words   |  6 PagesHistory and Philosophy of Nurse Education Amy Allin Capella University Abstract Each educator brings to the academic arena their own personal nursing philosophy that is based on experience and is historic in nature. By studying the history of nursing, the educator is able to guide the student through their education process. As an educator the nurse becomes an extension of one’s own personal philosophy. Nursing theory serves as the foundation on which to develop a personal philosophy and characterizesRead MoreDraft Of Personal Philosophy Statement1268 Words   |  6 Pages7-2 Final Project Milestone Three: Draft of Personal Philosophy Statement In the field of higher education, I will welcome with open arms, accept, affirm, and celebrate all students by creating an environment that is equal and inclusive for all people regardless of their race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, cultural background, religion, family structure, economic status, learning ability, linguistic ability, and/or learning style. I will create an environment that includes positive, challenging

Manifest Destiny, By John L. Sullivan - 1491 Words

It is hard to read anything about the history of the United States without coming across the term â€Å"Manifest Destiny†. Manifest Destiny is a term, which was first coined by John L. Sullivan in the summer 1845 issue of the Democratic Review. â€Å"Hence it was carried into the debate on the Oregon question in the House of Representatives and proved to be such a convenient summing up of the self-confident nationalist and expansionist sentiment of the time that it passed into the permanent national vocabulary.† (Pratt, 798). The term voiced the idea that God had destined America to spread westward to the pacific. â€Å"It meant expansion, prearranged by Heaven, over an area not clearly defined.† (Merk, 24) Expansion westward seemed perfectly natural to many Americans in the mid-nineteenth century as they saw it was their destiny to expand their thriving country. This attitude that it was Americas destiny to expand helped fuel the drive to push west and begin the removal of Native Americans. Manifest Destiny is an extremely important aspect of American History and has ultimately helped to shape The United States into the successful country that is today. Being that Manifest Destiny was a major part of American history it is considered to be a very positive aspect. â€Å"Being that American expansion was viewed in the United States less as a victory for principles of free democratic republicanism than as evidence of the innate superiority of the American Anglo-Saxon branch of the CaucasianShow MoreRelatedManifest Destiny, By John L. O Sullivan925 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In 1845, John L. O Sullivan, a newspaper reporter in New York City, coined the phrase manifest destiny. O Sullivan claimed that it was the God-given destiny of the United States of America to spread over North America. O Sullivan summarized his view this way: And that claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrustedRead MoreWas Manifest Destiny, An Ideology Coined By John L. O Sullivan Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesKelsey Daniels HIST1301.01.16S2 August, 2 2016 Essay 4 Was Manifest Destiny a benevolent movement or in fact was it early imperialism pursued at the expense of others? The Manifest Destiny, an ideology coined by John L. O’Sullivan, described the attitude of American’s in the 19th century in regards to the expansion of the United States. There are disagreements on whether this expansion was a benevolent movement or an act of early imperialism. Some think because the 19th century Americans sawRead MoreNative America, Discovered and Conquered: Manifest Destiny803 Words   |  4 PagesTerritory and the prospects of future land acquisition, Americans used the idea of Manifest Destiny to justify their actions for moving westward and their treatment of Native Americans. The idea of Manifest Destiny was created directly by the European-used Doctrine of Discovery and industrialization; this direct correlation was proven to be true from the verdict of the court case Johnson v. M’Intosh. The term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was never actually used until 1845, but the idea was always implied from theRead MoreManifest Destiny By James K. Polk1257 Words   |  6 PagesJack Biernesser Mr. Schulten U.S. History 16 March 2016 Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny is the belief during the 19th century, that the United States of America not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. The idea of Manifest Destiny helped to fuel the war with Mexico and the removal of Indians from the United States. The American people and government lived by this belief. Manifest Destiny had many good results like the expansion of the American territory. It also had manyRead MoreWhat Is The Most Dangerous Ignorance Or Fear?1778 Words   |  8 Pagesinhibits rash decision making and can lead to fall out for many years to come. In the mid-1800s, narrow-minded selfishness, misplaced religious ideology, and gross neglect of fellow mankind resulted from America s Western Expansion or also known as Manifest Destiny. However, the consequences of the expansion did not stop there. The blurred lines of entitlement and ethics were unfortunately crossed again, but this time the driving force was fear. In 1919, the start of the Red scare after the Great War andRead MoreThe Civil War And The American War1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe question of what caused the Civil War is debatable because there are several events that may have influenced the war such as the Western Expansion, Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War. The war also stems from slavery, the North and South basically fought over whether or not slavery should be permitted. Another point that may have influenced the Civil War is the economic and social structure of the country, which also falls under slavery because the South main source of income was slaveryRead MoreAp American History - by: Alberto Alonso937 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica because they believed in Manifest Destiny (an idea during the 19th century in which people believed that America should expand over the entirety of North America) or because they feared that Texas was an independent state, even the Gold Rush in California (1848-1855) contributed to the expansion of America. Even t hough â€Å"the opponents of the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War attacked slavery as the root cause of expansion† the idea of Manifest Destiny, fear, and the Gold Rush were otherRead MoreManifest Destiny1327 Words   |  6 PagesManifest Destiny is a term used to describe the reason behind the US expansion into the West. What are the social, political and economical effects of this idea on the people living in the United States colonies and the West? Manifest Destiny is a term coined by John L. Sullivan in 1845 when talking about the annexation of Texas. He believed, along with other expansionists, that it’s inevitable that the US population would spread across North America because the land is given by Providence toRead MoreManifest Destiny Is An American Philosophy Essay2281 Words   |  10 Pages Manifest Destiny is an American philosophy with which it is to justify how that country has understood their place in the world and how to relate to other people. It is a doctrine, phrase or idea that expresses the belief that the United States is destined to spread to the four winds as supports the idea that is, to expand on the territories conquered North America and, in general, on the Western Hemisphere. This doctrine was not free of racism, considering that the American people wereRead MoreNative Americans During Westward Expansion Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesthe time of the expansion of the United States to the present, the Native Americans went through many things so that the United States could expand; they were pushed onto reservations, and forced to give up their culture through the Ideas of Manifest Destiny and Social Darwinism. Despite that, the United States government told the Indians that they would not invade their lands. They soon heard that the Indians had fertile land and decided to allow settlers to move west. â€Å"After hearing tales of

Mamie Clark free essay sample

Due to her father having a practice in town the family had achieved middle class status and was allowed into many establishments that were normally whites only, which during that time in Arkansas was rarely heard of. Even though few higher educational opportunities were open to black students, after graduating from Langston High School in 1934, Mamie was offered several scholarships and chose to accept one from Howard University. (Cherry,2013) Mamie chose to study at Howard University because it was located in the nations capital and because of the many accomplished black members of its faculty whom she viewed as role models. She began her studies at Howard as a math major, minoring in physics. There she met her future husband, Kenneth B. Clark, who was studying for his master’s in psychology. After not getting much encouragement from her professor’s in mathematics, Kenneth encouraged Mamie to change her major to psychology for employment possibilities and the chance to explore her interest in children. We will write a custom essay sample on Mamie Clark or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Cherry, 2013) When completing her master’s degree in 1939, she worked and studied children in an all-black preschool. During that time she met with pyschologists, Ruth and Gene Harley who were studying self-identification in young children and encouraged Mamie to do the same with the children in the preschool. This resulted in her completed thesis The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children. (Cherry,2013) MAMIE CLARK 3 Mamie transferred to Columbia University to finish her doctorate degree, where she graduated in 1943 as the second African American to earn a degree (first eing her husband, Kenneth Clark). Then Drs. Mamie and Kenneth Clark used their research with children to show that black children became aware of their racial identity by the age of 3 and by segregating them from white children the children saw their race as negative. This led the Clark’s to present their findings during desegregation trials for the NAACPs case in Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned racial segregation in public schools in 1954. (Mamie Clark, 2013) After several years working in public and private social services being unsatisfied with what she saw, Mamie founded the Northside Center for Child Development, the first center to provide therapy for children in Harlem. At a time when public schools were illegally enrolling many black children into programs for the mentally handicapped, the center conducted its own intelligence tests, fought the schools, and empowered the local population. Realizing that therapy alone could not address the affects of racism on the community, Northside also assisted families with their housing and financial difficulties. Mamie Clark worked for Northside until retirement in 1980 and died three years later of cancer. (Mamie Clark, 2013) Using the Sociocultural aspect of psychology, it is easily seen that Mamie Clark was influenced by social and cultural she experienced in her life. Growing up in Arkansas during the times where racism were very apparent and segregation was dominant, she was fortunate enough to have been born into a middle class family. Mamie was able to see both sides of the segregation by being allowed into white establishments. This had a significant impact on her way of thinking, she wanted to both races to be seen equally and this eventually led to her involvement in the desegregation of public schools. MAMIE CLARK 4 References Mamie Clark, a Supporter of the Black Child. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from http://www. aaregistry. org/historic_events/view/mamie-clark-supporter-black-child Cherry, Kendra. Mamie Phipps Clark Biography. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from

Is Man Good or Evil Essay Sample free essay sample

This is a inquiry that many philosophers. psychologists. and scientists have questioned for centuries. Harmonizing to Thomas Hobbes work forces are created so likewise that there difference in their strengths and failings are no important. For illustration if two work forces desire a thing they wouldn’t be able to achieve it at the same time. hence they become enemies. The pleasances to accomplish the thing sometimes lead their actions to stamp down one another in order for him to go satisfied. Man continues to look for power until no other being can overmaster him. until he feels safe and contented. Harmonizing to him the three primary causes of clangs between work forces are competition. self-doubt. and glorification. For that ground during the clip when work forces have unequal authorization or power they are at a clip of struggle. Harmonizing to another philosopher Nina Rosenstand adult male is basically selfish. Man has the ability to make Acts of the Apostless of greed and generousness. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Man Good or Evil? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But harmonizing to Rosenstand these Acts of the Apostless of generousness are done to please and for us to experience good of ourselves. On the other manus it is stated by Peter Kropotkin that adult male is fundamentally good because how would primitive world survive and develop without any common support and integrity among the early adult male. Assistance and cooperation are indispensable features of the human nature that lead to our endurance. In different faiths around the universe the virtuousness of compassion is taught. Mencius said that adult male is born good it is merely because of life and the environment that we become bad. He believes that we are good because of our scruples. the human nature. and intuition or inherent aptitude. Socrates believes that our ignorance/lack of cognition leads us to wrongdoing ; no individual does bad things deliberately. II. Chemical reaction In my sentiment adult male is neither good nor evil. I think it is non merely a inquiry if adult male is good or evil but besides a inquiry of what each adult male thinks is good or evil. Everyone on this planet has different beliefs and has been educated otherwise. Look at adult male from one point of position. adult male kills 1000000s of unrecorded stock to feed themselves and their domestic pets. and so they kill 1000000s of domestic pets to salvage wildlife. and so kill 1000000s of wildlife so they don’t go a plague and so adult male sends a card out at Christmas clip praying for peace on Earth. Many people would believe adult male was evil. Or if you look at it say from a self-destruction bombers point of position. they are raised with the belief that what they do is right and pure and good. yet the remainder of the universe thinks it’s pure immorality. The good and evil that you see don’t even exist in world. at least non outside of the head that believes in them. They are lone judgements passed by the person from their ain alone position. What one individual sees as bad or evil may look to be the lone logical thing to make from some other position. The thoughts of both good and evil are point of position particular. This is why people like Bush and Bin Laden are either loved or hated. Bush is seen as good by people who portion his fright based idea system. Those who have a compassionate concern for all of worlds frequently see him as immorality. To sum it all up. good is the name we give to people who do things that we think we like. Evil is the name we give to people who do the things that we don’t like. I think it’s an single reply based on each single individual retrieving whether you choose to conform to what society says is right or incorrect. everyone is able to hold an sentiment on their ain agreement w ithout influence. it merely depends what you choose to make.

Free Essays on Epistomolgy

‘LOGOS’ – means word Epistà §mà § = Knowledge Epistemology = the study of knowledge HOW DO I KNOW FOR SURE? (Contrasted with doxa = which is a belief or mere opinion) (How) can doxa (an opinion) = be Epistà §mà § (knowledge)? Knowledge = justified true belief (universally true). Doxa can be justified belief. 3 necessary conditions for knowledge: 1. Belief – (yours/mine) 2. Truth – (it is true) 3. Justification – (you/me justified in believing the truth) In philosophy there are 2 kinds if knowledge: Knowing How vs. Knowing That To do something â€Å"know-how†.Cannot be fully verbalizedEg:- your own way of doing things. It is not what epistà §mà § refers to. Propositional truth – truth in an idea.(propose – idea, offer)It can be fully verbalized. Declaratives, statements, propositions: the kinds of things we say. 1. Interrogative (question). Is that a door? Are you sure? 2. Explanative (!) What a nice car! Kinds of statements 3. Imperative (order) Shut that door. Each statement supposes that something is true BUT after saying all those statements, the question â€Å"Is that true† doesn’t follow. Invalid. That’s why this cannot apply to epistemology because these 3 statements leave no room for doubt. Already supposes something is true. * Only declarative statement CAN possess â€Å"truth-value†. E.g.: this is door. Difference is, in declarative, you can ask â€Å"Is that true?† therefore declarative. Components of any argument MUST be declarative statements. You cannot order, exclaim, or question within a philosophical argument. One other kind of statement that seems like a declarative statement but it’s not. (But not declarative sentences or â€Å"pseudo-statements† such as: men are from Mars; Women are from Venus (!) Cannot form part of an argument because it is an exaggeration... Free Essays on Epistomolgy Free Essays on Epistomolgy ‘LOGOS’ – means word Epistà §mà § = Knowledge Epistemology = the study of knowledge HOW DO I KNOW FOR SURE? (Contrasted with doxa = which is a belief or mere opinion) (How) can doxa (an opinion) = be Epistà §mà § (knowledge)? Knowledge = justified true belief (universally true). Doxa can be justified belief. 3 necessary conditions for knowledge: 1. Belief – (yours/mine) 2. Truth – (it is true) 3. Justification – (you/me justified in believing the truth) In philosophy there are 2 kinds if knowledge: Knowing How vs. Knowing That To do something â€Å"know-how†.Cannot be fully verbalizedEg:- your own way of doing things. It is not what epistà §mà § refers to. Propositional truth – truth in an idea.(propose – idea, offer)It can be fully verbalized. Declaratives, statements, propositions: the kinds of things we say. 1. Interrogative (question). Is that a door? Are you sure? 2. Explanative (!) What a nice car! Kinds of statements 3. Imperative (order) Shut that door. Each statement supposes that something is true BUT after saying all those statements, the question â€Å"Is that true† doesn’t follow. Invalid. That’s why this cannot apply to epistemology because these 3 statements leave no room for doubt. Already supposes something is true. * Only declarative statement CAN possess â€Å"truth-value†. E.g.: this is door. Difference is, in declarative, you can ask â€Å"Is that true?† therefore declarative. Components of any argument MUST be declarative statements. You cannot order, exclaim, or question within a philosophical argument. One other kind of statement that seems like a declarative statement but it’s not. (But not declarative sentences or â€Å"pseudo-statements† such as: men are from Mars; Women are from Venus (!) Cannot form part of an argument because it is an exaggeration...

5 Tips for Creating a Resume Filename -TheJobNetwork

5 Tips for Creating a Resume Filename -TheJobNetwork You think you have your hands full with your resume, your cover letter, your application in general. So it may be crazy to  realize that when a future employer downloads your files to read, you’re then competing not with other applicants’ resumes, etc., but with their resume filenames. It’s true! The game starts as soon as you hit â€Å"send.† Here’s how to make sure you have a good filename for your resume.1. Include Your NameIt seems silly titling a file with your name when it’s your file in the first place, but always title your job materials as though you were titling it from the recipient’s point of view. You leave out your name, and your file is likely to be lost in the shuffle. Plus, having your name directly in the file means your name is being seen, even when the file isn’t being accessed! Anytime the recipient opens that folder or looks for another file, there’s your name.2. Keep It SnappyYou don’t want a run-on filename. Keep it under 24 characters and spaces- plus the .doc extension. Many computers only show the first 24 characters, so avoid getting elided or truncated on their screen.3. Follow the RulesLetters and numbers are all fine, plus a few standard keyboard symbols (not / or .) You can (and should) capitalize where correct; that’s particularly useful if you have a long name and need to omit spaces to save space. You can also use dashes.4. Include the Word â€Å"Resume†Just as your name is important, so is the descriptor of the file itself. John-Smith-Resume won’t win any poetry awards, but it just might get the job done. Remember, you won’t get anywhere if you name your resume â€Å"Resume† without any other identifying features- like your name!5. Leave Out the Version NumbersYour future employer doesn’t need to know that this is Carol’s Resume version 4. A simple Carol Jane Resume.doc will do- and much more elegantly.Bonu s tip: Always save and convert your resume into PDF for each new job you apply to. That will ensure that your formatting remains the same on any machine. And makes it easier to archive which versions of your resume you sent to which employers when.

Leadership, Teambuilding, and Communication Essay

Leadership, Teambuilding, and Communication - Essay Example These three characteristics are therefore an essential part of an organization, and from their study, one can come up with a conclusive understanding of an organization’s performance. This essay takes a look at some of the organizational behaviors at Apple Inc. The company has been a complete success to the extent of being a team leader in its line of production. Apple Inc. itself, however, has had a unique organizational behavior since its formation to its present status. This unique trend has been especially in terms of leadership, which has been attributed largely by the number of times the company has had to change its leaders in order to be able to reach a suitable leader and to deliver the company’s objectives. The following analysis gives an inside look into Apple Inc.’s organizational behavior focusing on the leadership trends, teambuilding activities, and communication level. Leadership theories and interpersonal forms of power at Apple Inc. Appleâ€℠¢s organizational behavior Right from its inception into the technology business, Apple Inc. has had a historic background in its leadership, leading it to become a market leader in its field. The achievement can only be linked to the organization’s dedication and severity when it comes to leadership. Over many years, there have been a number of developmental changes in the organization’s structure and leadership. The organization’s objective of changing the world through a provision of computers to the masses has led to multiple changes within the company that have either been positive or negative to the company’s growth (Freedman & Vohr, 1991). The company was first under a centralized organizational structure in 1983, being run by its co-founder Steve Jobs and CEO Markkula. Under this structure, authority was restricted only to higher levels of leadership which were all under Markkula (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, & Uhl-Bien, 2010). At its early stage, the organization was made up of five product divisions, an additional four divisions offering product support services and other several administrative departments (Freedman & Vohr, 1991). All the divisions and departments reported to Markkula and Jobs; however, this system was not an effective one. This is because, with time, there started to be divisions of interest within the divisions unto which the newly appointed CEO had to carryout re-organization and restructure of the management system (Apple Inc. 2010). Over the years, there have been several changes in the management of the company including the dismissal and re-appointment of the company’s co-founder Steve Jobs. This essay will forego all the changes that took place in the company and concentrate on the leadership of Steve Jobs and his influence over the company during his tenure as the company’s CEO. Traditional leadership theories The traditional leadership theory was first described by Marx Weber (1947). The leadership theory relates to a style that bases its belief in power being bequeathed to a leader as a way of maintaining tradition. According to Chun Hai (2007), Weber gave the characteristics of a traditional leader as: The leader’s followers gain favor in terms of promotions depending on the office politics. The leaders gain followers, owing to the fact that they are in their current position, but not due to their individual charisma. The leaders get

Journal Opinion Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal Opinion Article - Essay Example Energy Information Agency 1). It was evident therefore that the forecasted decline was pinpointed to lesser consumption. The advisory even noted that there was an increase in the electric prices of as much as 2%; which, if the expected milder temperatures would turn out to be unrealized; then, consumers would actually expect a higher average electric rate. It is just interesting to note that only in a country like the U.S. could it be possible to expect a decline in electric bills during summer months. In other Asian countries, for instance, it has been evident that during summer months, consumers are already expecting greater financial stress due to increases in rates of electricity. It is traditionally asserted that â€Å"electric delivery rates do not change in the summer; however, your bill may rise in summer due to higher consumption† (Oncor par. 1). And the sources of potential increases in consumption include: (1) vacation from school puts children at home most of the time during summer and therefore, expect to use more television, personal computers, and other electric gadgets; (2) due to obviously higher temperature than cool months, air-conditioning or other ventilation units are turned on longer; (3) since more people are consuming more on electricity through the noted consumption patterns, the cost of fuel (dependin g on demand and supply) could likewise be affected. As such, although there could be some valid points in the report written by Morath, when the basis of comparison for electric bill rates were the three consecutive summers that were deemed hotter; one is convinced that overall, consumers could still expect some increases in their electric bill due to the reasons enumerated above that could affect consumption usage; in conjunction with the announced 2% increase in the average prices of electricity, as announced. Early announcement of an impending decline might even spur consumption levels to greater heights and consumers might

Pro-Choice Presentation Essay Example for Free

Pro-Choice Presentation Essay 1. Intro: How many people believe that terminating a pregnancy is a horrible thing, that under no circumstance an abortion should be performed? And how many people believe that interrupting a pregnancy under certain circumstances is okay, certain circumstances including: rape, unplanned pregnancy, and medical reasons? â€Å"Quote by Hillary Rodham Clinton on being pro-choice is not being pro-abortion.† 2. Thesis: I would like to give you a little more information tonight on a topic that is very disputed now in day. And I would like to change the way you think about the term †pro-choice† 3. Audience: Women just like men have rights, and not being able to decide what you would like to do with your body takes away from those rights. 4. Preview: I. discuss the origin of abortion and how it was performed in ancient culture II. describe the methods of abortion today. II. Who aborts and the reasons why? I. History of abortion A. in and article named â€Å"when did abortion begin† on About.com 1. The practice of abortion can be dated all the way back to 1550 BCE and it is first seen in Ancient Egyptian Culture. However we also see it in Ancient Persian culture, ancient Roman and ancient Greek. And since then the topic of abortion has caused a controversy . people pick pro-life or pro-choice. They used plants to terminate a pregnancy in the past. II. Terminating a pregnancy today can be performed with surgically, with certain plants, and with pills. A. The University of Washington published an article Facts for Women ¨termination of pregnancy† it describes the different ways to perform an abortion. 1. Medical Abortions: This is performed by taking a pill or receiving an injection. 2. Surgical Abortion: A way to terminate pregnancy surgically. a. For both you receive counseling, you sign a consent form, give medical history, have a physical exam including an ultrasound, and have lab tests. III. Reasons to why? And who aborts. A. a website named Action Life, wrote an article named â€Å"The real reasons women choose abortion† Gudrun Schultz claims that 92% of women choose abortion as an alternative because of social or other factors. Those â€Å"other factors† 25% Not ready for a(nother) child/timing is wrong 23% Cant afford a baby now 19% Have completed my childbearing/have other people depending on me/children are grown 8% Dont want to be a single mother/am having relationship problems 7% Dont feel mature enough to raise a(nother) child/feel too young 4% Would interfere with education or career plans 4% Physical problem with my health 3% Possible problems affecting the health of the fetus  poverty level. Why bring a child to suffer. If you cannot provide for your own child why have it? 5. Conclusion: I’m not encouraging you to get an abortion. I am just trying to get you to view â€Å"pro-choice† differently, Laws against abortion don’t stop it, they simply make abortion Less safe. If a person is not ready to be a parent, or cannot afford another child, they should not be forced to have it.

Chilling Sins :: essays research papers

Sin is considered something highly immoral, a despicable act that defies divine law. Anyone who commits a sin is regarded as a serious offender of that which is pure. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne left it to the reader to determine who was the real wrongdoer in the novel. Was it the adulterous Hester Prynne, or the hypocritical Arthur Dimmesdale, or the revenge obsessed Roger Chillingworth? Puritan belief tells us it should be Hester Prynne, because she was a weak-willed woman who broke the vow given to her husband and conceived a child with someone else. However, Hawthorne declares Chillingworth as the greatest sinner because he left his wife alone, lied to the community, betrayed the trust of his patient as a friend and a doctor, and clutched revenge too fondly to his heart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before Chillingworth ever was the man after so many turns of events, he had been Master Prynne, happy bridegroom to Hester. Knowing his wife did not love him, he strove to please her, yet at once forgot about his duty as a husband to â€Å"...dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel† (1 Peter 3:7 KJV) and sent her to take care of his lands in Boston. This would have been slightly acceptable if he had promised to come to her in the very next passage after completing some important affairs, but that was not the case. The man, so used to being alone, preferred two more years of research in alchemy and sciences before finally reaching his wife, only to find her holding the child of some unknown man. Therefore, it is not completely her burden that she committed adultery then, for it was he that set the stage for this crime, slacking off as husband to his wife. Whatever sin she must bear, he equally bears it. He even says it himself. â€Å"Mine was the first wrong...between thee and me, the scale hangs fairly balanced† (Hawthorne 72).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After being lost for so long, the first thing Mr. Prynne does as he enters the community is shy away from his true title. He gives up the name and is born anew as Roger Chillingworth, physician and newcomer in Boston. At once, the people take this as the truth and welcome him with open arms, not knowing they invite a serpent, caring only for his prey, into their midst. Chilling Sins :: essays research papers Sin is considered something highly immoral, a despicable act that defies divine law. Anyone who commits a sin is regarded as a serious offender of that which is pure. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne left it to the reader to determine who was the real wrongdoer in the novel. Was it the adulterous Hester Prynne, or the hypocritical Arthur Dimmesdale, or the revenge obsessed Roger Chillingworth? Puritan belief tells us it should be Hester Prynne, because she was a weak-willed woman who broke the vow given to her husband and conceived a child with someone else. However, Hawthorne declares Chillingworth as the greatest sinner because he left his wife alone, lied to the community, betrayed the trust of his patient as a friend and a doctor, and clutched revenge too fondly to his heart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before Chillingworth ever was the man after so many turns of events, he had been Master Prynne, happy bridegroom to Hester. Knowing his wife did not love him, he strove to please her, yet at once forgot about his duty as a husband to â€Å"...dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel† (1 Peter 3:7 KJV) and sent her to take care of his lands in Boston. This would have been slightly acceptable if he had promised to come to her in the very next passage after completing some important affairs, but that was not the case. The man, so used to being alone, preferred two more years of research in alchemy and sciences before finally reaching his wife, only to find her holding the child of some unknown man. Therefore, it is not completely her burden that she committed adultery then, for it was he that set the stage for this crime, slacking off as husband to his wife. Whatever sin she must bear, he equally bears it. He even says it himself. â€Å"Mine was the first wrong...between thee and me, the scale hangs fairly balanced† (Hawthorne 72).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After being lost for so long, the first thing Mr. Prynne does as he enters the community is shy away from his true title. He gives up the name and is born anew as Roger Chillingworth, physician and newcomer in Boston. At once, the people take this as the truth and welcome him with open arms, not knowing they invite a serpent, caring only for his prey, into their midst.

Hawk Roosting

Hughes was fascinated by the ‘animism' of ancient cultures, especially American Indians. Animism is the belief that spirits live inside all the parts of nature. Hughes poem seems to conjure the fierce spirit of a kind of Hawk God. In this poem, Hughes writes in the imagined voice of a hawk. The hawk, in other words, is personified. For the sake of simplicity, I will call the hawk ‘he'. The hawk's tone of voice is proud, arrogant, he thinks of himself as master of his world. Indeed, like a God, he has power over life and death.His whole life is spent either being in ‘sleep' or hunting for prey. And even when he is asleep he dreams of mastering his hunting and killing technique. The physical description the hawk gives of itself, ‘Between my hooked head and hooked feet', confirms this obsession. Its weapons, the hooks, are the things that matter most to the bird. The hawk says that he has no ‘falsifying dream', nor any ‘sophistry' within himself, and that ‘no arguments assert' his rights. Sophistry means false, but clever arguments.In other words then, unlike humans, the bird is free of rules and regulations, it does not have to justify itself to anything or anyone. Imagery Hughes achieves some of his effects in this poem by changing the scale of things. The small hawk imagines itself to be as big as a God: ‘Now I hold Creation in my foot Or fly up and revolve it slowly. ‘ It is as if the world is only spinning because the hawk's claw turns it looking for its next victim. Form The poem is set out in six equal, four line stanzas. Unlike ‘Work and Play' there is no development or change in form at the end of the poem.Why not? Because the Hawk will not allow change/does not want change. It is happy with the way things are arranged. The world of the hawk is ordered, neat, efficient, controlled, and the form of the poem matches those qualities. The lines are fairly short and many end with full stops. For insta nce, the four statements, of apparent facts, in the last stanza all end with full-stops. Do the full-stops suggest ends, finality, death and in this poem certainty? Certainly the factual tone and the end-stopped, full-stopped lines suggest the hawk would not put up with any arguments.The combined effect is menacing. Summary Subject: Hughes personifies a hawk. He describes it as a survivor and a killer. He compares the hawk's freedom to act on instinct with the way we are ruled by thoughts, arguments and regulations. ATTITUDE : The hawks' attitude is arrogant; its tone is menacing, confident, absolute, and boastful. The hawk sees itself as like a king, or a god or an executioner. Hughes's attitude is more difficult to tell. He leaves the poem open for the reader to decide on how to react to this fierce spirit.Could we just laugh at the small hawk's grand deluded view of itself? Style Almost every image refers to the hawk's control and confidence. Everything revolves around the hawk. Look at the number of times ‘I', ‘me' or ‘my' is used There are lots of short, factual sounding statements in the poem, and a lot of full-stops. These help to convey the bird's certainty. Hughes appears to be using the hawk in this poem as a symbol for power. A hawk would of course act instinctively and kill for the purposes of survival.The implications of â€Å"Hawk Roosting† are therefore that the poem is an extended metaphor for the behaviour of a tyrant or power-seeking ruler. Such a person would, as the hawk is in this poem, be self-centred and arrogant. An authoritarian despot would not allow himself or his methods to be questioned, and would see the world around him as being designed to suit his purposes. Ted Hughes, in â€Å"Hawk Roosting,† paints a picture of a creature that is ruthless and self-involved, showing how a lust for power can take over a being and end in brutality. STRUCTUREThe structure of the poem is regular, with verses of four lines each and similar length lines which creates a feeling of tight control that adds to the theme of power and perfect balance in the hawk. The punctuation is equally tight, with many sentences contained within the line, which gives an abrupt, sharp, controlled feel. However, there is some enjambement which breaks free of the stanza to run across the line break, as if the hawk can disregard the rules, creating a flowing effect as he lists his powers. THEMES – IMAGERY Many nature poems deal with the beauty of nature and God’s power as creator.This poem subverts these expectations. Here, nature is brutal: it ‘kills’ and ‘eats’. What’s slightly disturbing is that the hawk views these as ‘perfect’ and ‘rehearses them’. This almost gives the feel of a psychopath, yet he is only fulfilling his natural function. The repetition of ‘hooked’ from his head to his feet creates a feel of being captured, evok ing his sharp, deadly beak and claws. These are the parts that the hawk emphasizes when he describes himself. The hawk deals in ‘death’. Hughes uses the metaphor of the bird flying direct ‘through the bones of the living’.The uneasy juxtaposition of bones with living creates an unsettling effect, and makes the bird seem almost supernaturally powerful: as if he exists beyond this one moment in time. The voice of the bird displays god-like arrogance [hubris]. He judges that earth ‘holds itself upwards for my inspection’, as if the world only exists for his benefit. The Hawk frequently uses ‘me’ and ‘my’, which shows a possessive, self-focussed streak. He says he holds ‘Creation in my foot’. This is a literal, visual image of the bird in flight and the earth seeming small below, but also a metaphor of power.Hughes deliberately subverts [turns upside down] traditional nature poems on the majesty of creation. T he hawk lists natural features: ‘sun’, ‘air’ and the ‘tree’, which he thinks exist only in as much as they are of ‘advantage to me’. He also says it took ‘the whole of Creation’ to produce his ‘feather’ and ‘foot’: the juxtaposition of something so huge and old, and biblical against a tiny foot/feather, shows how magnificent the bird thinks he is: as if he is the reason creation exists.This is interesting because it twists the traditional anthropocentric world view (i.e. humans are the peak of creation, the whole point of it all), that is set down in Genesis. When he flies up he says he will ‘revolve’ the world slowly – as if he is making it turn. He gives the gift (‘allotment’) of death, which is an ironic juxtaposition as no one would want to receive this gift. It is as if he’s the god of death. He says he has ‘permitted no change’ and end s with a final, simple declarative statement ‘I am going to keep things like this’. The use of ‘am’ stresses his power. He doesn’t say ‘will’ or ‘might’; he’s certain.

Eth125 R8 Disability Diversity

Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Lack of security for the future (social security dwindling) 2. Unable to afford being able to retire 3. Being alone Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice or discrimination against a particular age-group, especially the elderly.Ageism influences the presence of diversity because those who are affected by ageism within their career may lose their job due to newer, younger, cheaper people coming into the workplace to take over their current position. Which may leave those who are older without proper insurance to take care of their aging bodies which could result in earlier deaths and a lack of diversity in the world. Also when the younger generation takes over positions in the workplace that wor kplace will have a lack of diversity as well. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/ageism What is the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)? How does the ADEA address issues for the aging population? The Age Discrimination in Employment Act was put into place in 1967 to prohibit discrimination of people over the age of 40 in the work place. The ADEA addresses issues for the aging population by making it illegal to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual or otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s age.Also it makes it illegal to limit, segregate, or classify his employees in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individual’s age. http://www. eeoc. gov/laws/statutes/adea. cfm †¢ What is being done to ad dress the issues you identified? The ADEA had put many laws in affect to make it illegal to discriminate someone for their age. It also has been recommended to Congress to have education and research programs.These programs shall research, and promote research, with a view to reducing barriers to the employment of older persons, and the promotion of measures for utilizing their skills. They will also publish and otherwise make available to employers, professional societies, the various media of communication, and other interested persons the findings of studies and other materials for the promotion of employment and foster through the public employment service system and through cooperative effort the development of facilities of public and private agencies for expanding the opportunities and potentials of older persons. ttp://www. eeoc. gov/laws/statutes/adea. cfm †¢ Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The number of aging population is ex pected to rise in numbers. â€Å"With baby boomers approaching retirement, the 65-and-over population in the United States could increase nearly 80 percent by 2025. During the same period, there will be just 15 percent more working-age adults and 15 percent more children younger than 15. † With the number of baby boomers approaching retirement there will be a strain put on social ecurity and other benefits made available to those who are senior citizens. This will cause problems to those retire after them. There is no certainty that things like social security will last through the baby boomers and be around when the next generation retires. http://www. globalaging. org/elderrights/us/populationrise. htm †¢ What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? Two major pieces of legislature that will be affected by the aging population is pension provision and health care.With both pension and health care the key issues that will cause issues is that the number of people working and paying taxes to fun pension and health care programs is going to dramatically decrease as the baby boomers retire and as they retire the amount of people uses these services in going to see an increase. Legislation regarding items such as criminals is unlikely to have any effect on the aging population. While there are some laws in certain states requiring older people to retake their drivers test each year or every two years a country wide law could also affect the aging population as well. How does poverty affect the aging population? Poverty affects the aging population in many different ways. Since people are living longer and with that resources are decreasing as time goes on and the elderly have fewer and fewer choices for finding help with finances and health related issues, which results in substandard medical care. Having substandard medical care can result in subpar health and either suffering due to a medical condition or death from a medical condition that could have been treating if better medical care was available to them.Another affect poverty has is subpar housing and the ability to provide food for themselves due to a lack of income and the fact that many programs meant to help have strict guidelines or are disappearing all together. Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA’s goal is to provide equality to people with disabilities and protect them from any discrimination that they may be faced with.The ADA provides protection to those with disabilities in the workplace where there is a possibility they could be discriminated against and be fired, or passed over for a job. The ADA also insures that public structures are accessible to those with disabilities. By doing this it allows people with disabilities to feel more like equals by having protection from di scrimination and the ability to enjoy the same things their friends do such as going to restaurants and the mall. http://www. ada. gov/q&aeng02. tm †¢ How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? In the past people with disabilities have been treated unfairly and have faced discrimination. In recent years things have been improving but there is still work to be done. There are still a few buildings that are not handicap accessible. Some may be included in the exclusion under the ADA such as historical buildings but there are some who are â€Å"flying under the radar† and until a problem arises they will continue on with their business.Another problem people with disabilities faced was discrimination in the work place. They were often not chosen for jobs because they were not able to perform them with accommodations. While this may still occur with the ADA it makes it illegal. †¢ How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? I n earlier years people with disabilities were often placed into institutions and were then forgotten about which resulted in them living in unsafe and unsanitary conditions.Many of them were abused, neglected or murdered by their own families or by the people who worked at the institutions. They were called â€Å"retarded†. Today discrimination towards those with disabilities still does exist the condition of the homes in which some disabled live is acceptable and some with disabilities are able to have happy healthy lives with little or no accommodations made. Some neglect and abuse still does occur but the days of forced sterilization are over. What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? There are many unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities. Little people definetelty face many of these unique circumstances. Just going to a restaurant or even a friend’s house provides issues for little people to be able to get around safely by car or being able to see on top of counters and reach things like sinks. People in wheelchairs also face some unusual circumstances off their own.Just like little people they also may encounter problems reaching counters and sinks, and traveling. Just imagine trying to navigate your wheelchair across a snowy parking lot or sidewalk to get to your favorite restaurant. †¢ What is being done to address those issues? Many public places have smaller toilets and sinks that help children and little people be able to reach the sinks and toilets with ease. Adding these little things help not only the little people community but also help children becomes more independent.Many public places also have wheelchair assessable sinks that allow them to pull their chairs right up and under the sink to allow them to reach it with ease. Handicap accessible parking spot allow for all people with disabilities to park closer to reduce the amount they have to walk thu s reducing the amount of accidents that could occur. †¢ What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? On January 23, 1990 Congress passed the â€Å"Americans with Disabilities Act† (ADA) it provided protection for people with disabilities in many aspects of their lives.In 1988 the Fair Housing Act was amended to include people with disabilities and families with children with disabilities. In 1973 the Rehabilitation act prohibited discrimination against someone with a disability by anyone receiving federal assistance, but it did not cover discrimination by employers, public accommodations in the private sector, publicly funded programs or those providing federal financial assistance. Protection for all disabilities did not take place until the Americans with Disabilities Act passed.CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  paper is my original work. I am familiar with and acknowledge my responsib ilities, which are part of the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings.Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed  on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's  signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Skyye Smith

African History essays

African History essays 1. According to Henry Louis Gates, almost 50% of the Afro-American literary tradition was created when its authors and their black readers were either slaves or former slaves. 2. Slave narratives were produced for many reasons. One was to inform others of the hardships that slaves endured. Slaves wanted people to hear their stories, and learn from their experiences. It was believed that in literacy came true freedom for the black slave. This is another reason that so many narratives were written. The only way that slaves could truly be free was to express themselves in their writing. 3. Slave narratives were produced in two ways. One was through the printing press, in which they wrote their stories, and they were put into books or articles. Another was through oral traditions, where their stories were passed along through generations by word of mouth. 4. We teach slave narrative along with American and African-American autobiography because the first narratives laid the groundwork for autobiographies in the future. They set a pattern for first person narratives to come. Also, it gives two different view points for different situations that took place at the same time. It gives us a look at how differently Americans and slaves both reacted to slavery. ...

The History and Invention of the Paperclip

The History and Invention of the Paperclip Historical references describe fastening papers together as early as the 13th century. During this time, people put ribbon through parallel incisions in the upper left-hand corner of pages. Later, people started to wax the ribbons to make them stronger and easier to undo and redo. This was the way people clipped papers together for the next six hundred years. In 1835, a New York physician named John Ireland Howe invented the machine for mass-producing straight pins, which then became a popular way to fasten papers together (although they were not originally designed for that purpose). Straight pins were designed to be used in sewing and tailoring, to temporally fasten cloth together. Johan Vaaler Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor with degrees in electronics, science, and mathematics, invented the paperclip in 1899. He received a patent for his design from Germany in 1899, as Norway had no patent laws at that time. Vaaler was an employee at a local invention office when he created the paperclip. He received an American patent in 1901. The patent abstract says, It consists of forming same of a spring material, such as a piece of wire, that is bent to a rectangular, triangular, or otherwise shaped hoop, the end parts of which wire piece form members or tongues lying side by side in contrary directions. Vaaler was the first person to patent a paperclip design, although other unpatented designs might have existed first. American inventor Cornelius J. Brosnan filed for an American patent for a paperclip in 1900. He called his invention the Konaclip. A History of Paperclips It was a company called the Gem Manufacturing Ltd. of England that first designed the double oval-shaped, standard paperclip. This familiar and famous paperclip  was and still is referred to as the Gem clip. William Middlebrook of Waterbury, Connecticut, patented a machine for making paperclips of the Gem design in 1899. The Gem paperclip was never patented. People have been re-inventing the paperclip over and over again. The designs that have been the most successful are the Gem with its double oval shape, the non-skid which held in place well, the ideal used for thick wads of paper, and the owl paperclip that does not get tangled up with other paperclips. World War II Protest During World War II, Norwegians were prohibited from wearing any buttons with the likeness or initials of their king on them. In protest, they started wearing paperclips, because paperclips were a Norwegian invention whose original function was to bind together. This was a protest against the Nazi occupation and wearing a paperclip could have gotten them arrested. Other Uses A paperclips metal wire can be easily unfolded. Several devices call for a very thin rod to push a recessed button which the user might only rarely need. This is seen on most  CD-ROM  drives as an emergency eject should the power fail. Various  smartphones  require the use of a long, thin object such as a paperclip to eject the  SIM card. Paperclips can also be bent into a sometimes effective  lock-picking  device. Some types of  handcuffs  can be unfastened using paper clips.

Marketing Strategy of ford company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy of ford company - Essay Example Ford hÐ °s now reduced its proportion of fleet sÐ °les to 28 per cent of the totÐ °l, from 39 per cent Ð ° yeÐ °r previously. "ThÐ °ts some good news in the mix of our business," Fords sÐ °les Ð °nÐ °lyst George PipÐ °s sÐ °id yesterdÐ °y. Current pÐ °per provides comprehensive mÐ °rketing review of Ford Motor compÐ °ny Ð °nd defines strÐ °tegic Ð °pproÐ °ch to plÐ °cing the compÐ °ny on the competitive position of worldwide leÐ °der in the cÐ °r industry. Ford Motor is the second lÐ °rgest Ð °utomotive compÐ °ny in the world Ð °nd the most trÐ °nsnÐ °tionÐ °l of Ð °ll Ð °uto mÐ °kers. It hÐ °s operÐ °tions in more thÐ °n 200 countries Ð °nd territories, employing Ð °bout 350,000 workers (SchnÐ °pp, CÐ °ssettÐ °ri, 2004) HistoricÐ °lly, Ford sought to compete Ð °gÐ °inst the industrys leÐ °der, GenerÐ °l Motors, by increÐ °sing its presence in foreign mÐ °rkets. Fords InternÐ °tionÐ °l Ð utomotive OperÐ °tions co-ordinÐ °tes Ð °ctivities in twenty-six countries grouped in three principÐ °l regions (Europe, LÐ °tin Ð mericÐ °, Ð °nd Ð siÐ ° PÐ °cific). In the lÐ °te 1970s, Ford produced outside the United StÐ °tes hÐ °lf of its worldwide vehicle production - compÐ °red with GMs one-fourth. The Ford Motor Co. hÐ °s Ð °lso been Ð ° leÐ °der in introducing or rÐ °pidly Ð °dopting technologicÐ °l innovÐ °tions in the industry. Henry Ford, the founder Ð °nd president of the compÐ °ny, is considered the fÐ °ther of mÐ °ss production. In the difficult decÐ °de of the 1980s, Ford showed its cÐ °pÐ °bility to rÐ °pidly Ð °dopt the JÐ °pÐ °nese system of production Ð °nd to move fÐ °ster thÐ °n Ð °ny other Ð °uto mÐ °ker in seeking the integrÐ °tion of its operÐ °tions on Ð ° globÐ °l bÐ °sis. The compÐ °ny wÐ °s Ð °lso Ð ° pioneer in the internÐ °tionÐ °lizÐ °tion of production, Ð °s it wÐ °s the first to open Ð °n Ð °ssembly plÐ °nt in CÐ °nÐ °dÐ ° (1904), in Mexico (1925), Ð °nd in mÐ °ny other countries. HistoricÐ °lly, the compÐ °ny hÐ °s hÐ °d Ð ° leÐ °ding role in developing Ð °n Ð °utomotive cÐ °pÐ °bility in those countries, Ð °nd its strÐ °tegies hÐ °ve been

Cyber Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cyber Law - Essay Example Therefore, an analysis of all of the above will begin below, starting with the legality of Naj’s actions and whether or not he needs to give Sarah the information she is asking for. Advise Naja of the legality of his actions, and whether he needs to give Sarah the information she is asking for. One of the issues in this question deals with Sarah’s right to privacy. The advent of new communication technologies including the distribution of personal information; the acceleration of the speed of communication through e-mail, IM, social networking and the like; and the ability of employers to electronically monitor employees has made this a hot-button issue.1 As employers cannot reasonably take the Internet and e-mail away from their employees without hurting the company's efficiency, there must be a balance between the need for employers to provide the Internet for business-related functions and reasonable personal use, and the employees tendency to abuse their privilege. Therefore, employers increasingly turn to tools such as monitoring employee e-mail and Internet usage, and disciplining employees who abuse the privilege.2 Employers typically do this with software that reads, intercepts and monitor's employee's electronic e-mail and Internet usage, much to the consternation of many employees.3 At present, â€Å"employers can lawfully intercept, search and read any messages stored in workplace computers because courts have ruled that employees have no expectation of privacy in workplace electronic communications.†4 As employee abuse of e-mail and Internet privileges can have severe consequences - in addition to lost productivity, such abuses also open the employer up to security breaches, viruses and hacking, not to mention that employees commit crimes against their employers more than third parties5 - there is a definite need for employers to subject their employees to surveillance. Then there is the issue of â€Å"cyberslacking,† whi ch is just like it sounds – employees abusing their privilege and taking away valuable company time with their personal on-line activities, which leads to loss of productivity and theft of company resources.6 However, employees have rights as well, and there are a number of different UK cases and statutes that are implicated in employee surveillance. One such is the Human Rights Act 1998, which states in Article 8 that â€Å"everyone has a right to respect for his private†¦correspondence.†7 Courts have interpreted this particular Act in a variety of ways that would be pertinent to the question of employee surveillance. For instance, the court in Halford v. UK [1997] I.R.L.R. 471 (1997). This court found that intercepting phone calls made from an employee on business premises was a breach of the employee’s privacy.8 This decision was upheld in Valenzuela Contreras v. Spain (1998) 28 E.H.R.R. 4839 and Douglas v. Hello Ltd. [2001] QB 96710. Other decisions per tinent was the decision in Niemitz v. Germany (1992) 16 E.H.H.R.R. 97, in which the search of a lawyer’s office invaded his private life.11 However, the right to privacy is not absolute – if the employer has a legitimate concern that is being furthered by the seizure, which a surveillance would be considered to be, then the employer would be held to be

Economics of Rice and Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics of Rice and Gender - Essay Example She gives them similar books to their life experiences, which make them, reflects on their past tormenting experiences, which leads each of them to keep a diary. The students became motivated and changed their pathetic lifestyle for unity and being more forecast in life. They altered their forename to â€Å"freedom writers†. The movie has a series of life-changing themes such as self-reflection, patience, facing harsh conditions, striving for victory and certainty (Sara, 1). The students have undoubtedly undergone a momentous experience, and they can give back to the society as they not only leave whatever learned in the classroom, but they also extend it to the outside world. They also take the lead in helping others realize and nurture their potentials and maximize them. Additionally, they act as a vehicle for change in the society after realizing how powerful they can be. They try to transform a society rooted in marginalization along ethnic lines and try to instill confidence in them. However, despite being a role model to her student’s, Erin faces no acceptance from people around her and she has her father to cling onto. For instance, she has to do away with her intimidating husband. She also has to battle her jealous colleagues, who question her tremendous rise and popularity and educational board regulations, which she has to clash with. The toast of change scene in the movie just sincerely talks about Erin’s contribution towards the making up of her students. It depicts Erin as a selfless teacher, professor, mentor and a role model to her student’s lives. She makes them be aware of themselves and use their maximum potentials to reach wherever they want to and be what they want to be. She gives them an empowerment tool despite their parallel background she has nothing in common with them. Erin humbles herself down to the student level so that the students could understand her better yet they share nothing in common.  She attempts to develop the unsatisfactory experiences the society and life have passed on to her marginalized students.  

Action research

Action research ACTION RESEARCH, ITS BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION Action research in English Language Teaching is relatively a recent development which has been predominant in the literature in late 1980s and early 1990s. This essay explores the definitions, literature, benefits and challenges of action research as a method of teacher research in teacher education and development. It concludes by a critical assessment of the application of this research methodology and its sustainability in ELT. 1. INTRODUCTION There is a plethora of definitions of action research just as there is myriad literature on the subject by many scholars in many fields of human endeavour. Burns (2005) in her seminal paper on action research has explored definitions of action research by extensively highlighting the views of educators such as Denzin Lincoln (1998), Rogers (1961), Grotjahn (1987), Freire (1970), Schutz (1967) among others. She sums up that action research is a part of a quiet methodological revolution towards qualitative research approaches which impacted on the social sciences and emerged in reaction to scientific, experimental and quantitative paradigms. It encourages participative, naturalistic enquiry with its exploratory-interpretive underpinnings (Burns, 2005:57). Action research, since 1940s, and its related branches such as action science, action learning, practitioner research, participatory research, and collaborative/cooperative enquiry have been part of the new revolution towards change in human social and economic situations. Burns further explains that action research is a general movement that attempts to create meaning and understanding in a problematic social situations and improving the quality of human interactions and practices within those situations. The relevance of action research to English Language Teaching and teacher education, as we can deduce from the foregoing, is that it cuts across many disciplinary fields which include the field of applied linguistics. It is seen as a flexible research methodology suitable for research that supports change. According to Hopkins (1985: 32) and Ebbut (1985:156) the combination of action and research presupposes action as a form of disciplined inquiry in which personal attempt is made to understand, improve and reform practice. Cohen Marion (1994:186) see action research as small-scale intervention in the functioning of real world thus a closer examination of the effects of change of such intervention integrates social research with exploratory action to promote development. Lisa (2008:4) states action research involves fluid and overlapping cycles of investigation, action planning, piloting of new practices and evaluation of outcomes incorporating at all stages the collection and analysis of data and generation of knowledge. She maintains that the outcomes of action research are both practical and theoretical. The knowledge it generates has a direct and ongoing impact on changing practice for participants and on a wider audience through its publications, and application. This essay, however, focuses on educational action research (teacher action; as in Borgs paper on Conditions for Teacher Research; Condition 9: Community) with inclination to English language teaching. Thus the essay explores educational action research, its processes, purposes and characteristics in line with the views expressed by Burns (2009). The essay draws its conclusion from the challenges, status and how action research can be encouraged, maintained and promoted in English language teaching. 2. THE ORIGIN OF ACTION RESEARCH The popular belief is that Kurt Lewin is the originator of action research in the 1940s. His work was intended to change the life chances of disadvantaged groups in terms of housing, employment, prejudice, socialization and training. The combination of action and research has contributed to the attraction of this method of research to researchers, teachers, academic and educational community. Kurt was a psychologist, influenced by the work of the social philosopher, J. L. Moreno, in group dynamics and social movements in early 20th century Germany. Kurt conceived of research as leading to social action, and saw action research as a spiral of steps each of which is composed of circle of planning, action and fact-finding about the result of the action (Lewin, 1948:206, cited in Burns, 2009:58). Zuber-Skerritt (1996a) suggests emancipatory action researchis collaborative, critical and self-critical inquiry by practitioners into a major problem or issue or concern in their own practice. They own the problem and feel responsible and accountable for solving it through teamwork and through following a cyclical process of: strategic planning; actions, i.e. implementing the plan; observation, evaluation and self-evaluation; critical and self-critical reflections on the results On the basis of points 1-3 decisions could be made for the next cycle of action research. Earlier, Zuber-Skerritt (1996a:3-5) argues action research is emancipatory when it aims not only at technical and practical improvement and the participants better understanding, along with transformation and change within the existing boundaries and conditions, but also at changing the system itself or those conditions which impede desired improvement in the system/organization There is no hierarchy, but open and symmetrical communication. The emancipatory interest is based on the notion of action researchers as participants in a community of equals and as improvement to professional practice at the local, perhaps classroom level, within the capacities of individuals and the situations in which they are working. Action research is part of a broader agenda of changing education, changing schooling and changing society. A review of action research frameworks reveals several common features. An action research project seeks to create knowledge, propose and implement change, and improve practice and performance (Stringer, 1996). Kemmis and McTaggart (1988) suggest that the fundamental components of action research include the following: (1) developing a plan for improvement, (2) implementing the plan, (3) observing and documenting the effects of the plan, and (4) reflecting on the effects of the plan for further planning and informed action. New knowledge gained results in changes in practice (see also, Fullan, 2000a). Action research is often conducted to discover a plan for innovation or intervention and is collaborative. Based on Kemmis and McTaggarts (1998) original formulation of action research and subsequent modifications, Mills (2003) developed the following framework for action research: Describe the problem and area of focus. Define the factors involved in your area of focus (e.g., the curriculum, school setting, student outcomes, and instructional strategies). Develop research questions. Describe the intervention or innovation to be implemented. Develop a timeline for implementation. Describe the membership of the action research group. Develop a list of resources to implement the plan. Describe the data to be collected. Develop a data collection and analysis plan. Select appropriate tools of inquiry. Carry out the plan (implementation, data collection, data analysis). Report the results. This deductive approach implements a planned intervention, monitors its implementation, and evaluates the results. A more inductive approach, formulated by Burns (1999), is to carry out action research to explore what changes need to be made or what actions need to be taken in a specific instructional setting. Burns suggests the following interrelated activities: Explore an issue in teaching or learning. Identify areas of concern. Observe how those areas play out in the setting of the study. Discuss how the issue might be addressed. Collect data to determine the action to be taken (e.g., student questionnaires, observation reports, journal entries). Plan strategic actions based on the data to address the issue. Kemmis and McTaggerts approach focuses on implementing an action plan, whereas Burns focuses on planning for action. Commonly used data collection tools in action research projects include existing archival sources in schools (e.g., attendance reports, standardized test scores, lesson plans, curriculum documents,), questionnaires, interviews, observation notes and protocols, videotapes, photographs, journals and diaries, and narratives (e.g., stories told by teachers, see Hartman, 1998). ACTION RESEARCH IN EDUCATION Burns (2009) points out that the modern seeds of AR in educational contexts can be found in the work of John Dewey (and can be traced to Aristotle). Dewey had argued against the separation of theory from practice, and this had profoundly influenced educational enquiry in the first part of the 20th century to the present time. This has been the basis for future research by educators, academics and social scientists into their various fields with the aims of improving the human conditions. Nevertheless, in recent years a great body of literature in language teacher education has focus on teacher beliefs and reflection. Movement such as the teacher as researcher and teacher as reflective practitioner have been trying to promote the benefits of empowering teachers to take control of their professional development and curriculum development through reflection on practice. The new trend encourages teachers to carry out systematic rigorous enquiry into problematic areas of teaching, learning and curriculum in their classrooms, devise plans of action, carry out these plans of action and collect data to evaluate the revised plan in a cyclic pattern(Denny,2005:59-60). It is however noteworthy to understand that the movements teacher as researcher and teacher as reflective practitioner developed in different forms by different proponents of AR in UK, the USA and Australia, though they have much in common and strongly influenced by teacher education(Zeichner,2001 in Denny, 2005) . After all the polemics, it is obvious and important that teachers need support in order to carry on AR, streamline the research process, understand and imbibe group research ethics, ability to learn fast and become familiar with the literature on the theme of the research. Teachers on training like us, and practicing ELT/ESL with less experience or even completely unfamiliar with AR should be enlightened, given guidance on background reading in research methodology before any assignment or to initiate AR project. Where resources are available, there would be the need to organise a workshop at the beginning for a group with a varied and differing experiences to teach the principle of action research, methods of finding a focus which is realistic, selecting and designing the data gathering tools and planning the research timeline(Denny,2005). Also in line with Dennys (2005) suggestion, I feel that teacher researchers involved in group project should be also be involved in organising initial workshops and dissemination of the results of the workshop through publication. The group should include a researcher experienced in AR and with experience in applying for grants, presenting and publishing research reports. 3. MERITS AND BENEFITS OF ACTION RESEARCH Action research has made some significant positive impacts in language teaching field, especially ELT/ESL and on teachers involved in it, individually and collectively, however, the precise nature of these impacts on language teaching and learning may be difficult to ascertain in tangible concrete terms. This may not be unconnected to the argument that AR is not a research method can be sustained and replicated, because of lack of formal unified theory and training its conduct. Nonetheless, scholars such as Kemmis and McTaggart (1982:2-5, in Burns, 2005:68) claim that AR has enable teachers to develop skills in:  ¨ thinking systematically about what happens in the classroom  ¨ implementing action where improvements are thought to be possible  ¨ monitoring and evaluating the effects of the with a view to continuing the improvement  ¨ monitoring complex situations critically and practically  ¨ implementing a flexible approach to school or classroom  ¨ making improvements through action and reflection  ¨ researching the real, complex and often confusing circumstances and constraints of the modern school  ¨ recognizing and translating evolving ideas into action. Many more claims concerning the benefits of AR are made, Burns (1999: 14 15) states that the Australian teachers collaborated with her had experienced:  ¨ deeper engagements with their own classroom practices  ¨ a better understanding of research and methods for carrying out research  ¨ less sense of isolation from other teachers  ¨ a personal challenge, satisfaction and professional growth  ¨ heightened awareness of external factors impinging on their classrooms. 4. ARGUMENTS AGAINST ACTION RESEARCH Action research as a form of research is not without problems; articulation, conception and application. It has attracted a lot of criticisms; one major criticism is that research is an activity best left to academic specialists who have the training and capacity. Thus AR has no academic prestige and finesse. Jarvis (1981) is one of the proponents of this line of thinking in the language teaching field and similar views were expressed in TESOL Newsletter (2001), (see Burns, 2009:66-67). However, scholars like Borg (2002) feel differently, and reject the traditional boundaries between teachers and researchers. In fact Borg is championing the cause for teacher-researcher, has written extensively on this topic; Borg (2006) Conditions for Teacher Researcher. There is therefore need to address views such as Jarvis, if AR is to be considered as a research methodology. Many more criticisms against AR that deserve our attention are that it:  ¨ has not developed sound research procedures, techniques and methodology  ¨ is small-scale and therefore not generalizable(has low external validity)  ¨ shows low control of the research environment and therefore cannot contribute to causal theories of teaching and learning  ¨ exhibits strong personal involvement on the part of the participant and therefore is overly subjective and anecdotal  ¨ is not reported in a form that conforms to a recognisable scientific genre (Burns,2009:67). In addition to above criticisms AR has been criticised as messy, informal, and structurally unformed involving imprecise cycles of research and action. 5. CURRENT TRENDS IN ACTION RESEARCH Despite the arguments and counter arguments for and against AR as a methodology in language teaching fields, its range of activities has impacted on the participating teachers who have been engaged in it. It is now being accepted as a movement in the language teaching field, though it is not internationally widespread. This is because some essential conditions that promote AR, such as motivation, support, research knowledge, skills, and the potential for dissemination of findings are not readily available. This is in contrast to where AR has taken room, teachers are well supported, teaching in instructional contexts, such as in Australia and North America (Borg, unpublished, cited in Burns, 2009). Most ELT/ESL professional are still uninvolved in AR and despite the enthusiasm in favour of AR interest and involvement in it is on the decline. Most ELT and especially ESL teachers are not exposed to AR, and may not even have an idea of how it works. Some extensive workshops and conferences where teachers are involved in practical demonstration of teaching planning and presentation may result into AR. A case in point is my personal experience in Alfaisal International Academy, Riyadh. The Academy in collaboration with British Council organised a Training Workshop on the Teaching of Composition between the months of September and October, 2007. All participating teachers were given papers with spaces, and were asked to freely express the problems they encounter in the teaching of composition. The teachers were asked to present their views in groups and discuss the problems which include the choice of topic, sentence and paragraph development, logical arrangement of ideas, styles and soon. At the end of the month-long training most of the participating teachers were able to improve upon their composition class. The composition training was highly contextualized and localized in its attempt to investigate a situation in a specific school. We were able to convert tacit knowledge of student progress in composition writing to explicit knowledge that could be communicated clearly to other constituents, such as board members and parents. The training confirmed our individual opinions, observations, and intuitions based on investigation of our inputs in the training. If our observations were taken into considerations, it would provide impetus for changes in practice and curriculum, based on information that was systematically collected and synthesized. This information would lead to the expansion of the language capacity of the Arab ESL students through a revised curriculum that involved storytelling, sentence-level production of the language, and the use of content-based discourse-level speaking tasks. The research was participatory and collaborative, involving all of the international community English as second language teachers in Alfaisal International Academy, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. The problem is that such workshops are once-in-a-blue-moon events, wide apart and hardly sustainable. Moreover, we did not call it AR. However, it has all the features of action research. 6. CHALLENCES FACING ACTION RESEARCH AS A PRACTICE One of the major challenges of action research is to create awareness about its nature, scope, benefits in language teaching fields. Besides its inclusion as a certificatory requirement course, it should be encouraged through conferences and worldwide professional body where contacts can be maintained. Dissemination of individual and cooperative research findings would ensure the growth expansion of AR. Despite AR impacts in the language teaching learning field, more interesting challenges and tensions are still prevalent. I share Burns (2009) concerns that there are differing understandings, of ARs purpose, scope, and practices in various contexts. We should really consider finding answers to questions concerning the future directions of AR in a number of broad areas, such as: How should we envisage the primary purposes and outcomes of AR? Is it mainly a vehicle for practitioners personal and professional development, or can it also have a role in the production of knowledge for the field? Is AR simply an accessible version of research for teachers, or does it also denote an emerging paradigm with its own epistemology, methodologies and investigative practices? If so, how should standards of quality be addressed? In what ways can AR open up opportunities for collective forms of knowledge about teaching and learning that are inclusive of academic and teaching communities? What kinds of relationships between teachers, teacher educators and researchers will need to emerge to facilitate collective knowledge production? (How) can AR activity in language teaching also address broader issues of curriculum development, social justice and educational political action, thus contributing to the greater sustainability of effective educational practices? 7. CONCLUSION This research methodology, despite many contentions, criticism, arguments and counter arguments on the nature, scope and processes, is used in many fields of human endeavour such as social and health services, community development and education, to address a long history of difficulties in successfully transferring research knowledge into changes in practice. It is a means of combining the generation of knowledge with professional development of practitioners through their participation as co-researchers. It also serves as a barrier breaker between policymakers and practitioners, giving them richer insights into practice and an active role in policy development as well as its implementation respectively. This is clear in a research where teachers are involved in the identification of problem, plan on how to solve the problem in a participatory, collaborative, cooperative way. The various inputs of individual teacher researcher and all participating teacher researchers are the data t hat would inform the policy of change. Thus when teachers are part of the planning of policy and designing curriculum, its implementation and improvement would better and easier. The essay has been able to critically explore action research, teacher research, meaning, arguments and processes as a research methodology. Some suggestions have been proffered to more rigorous method of research in teacher action research in language teaching field. Altrichter, H., Feldman, A., Posch, P., Somekh, B. (2008). Teachers investigate their work: An introduction to action research across the professions (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. Burns, A. (1999). Collaborative action research for English language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burns, A. (2005). Action research: An evolving paradigm? Language Teaching, 38(2), 57-74. Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R. (Eds.). (1988). The action research planner (Third ed.). Victoria, Australia: Deakin University Press. Wallace, M. J. (1998). Action research for language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burns, A. (2009). Action research in second language teacher education. In A. Burns J. C. Richards (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to second language teacher education (pp. 289-297). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burns, A. (2010). Doing action research in English language teaching. A guide for practitioners. New York: Routledge. Elliott, J. (1991). Action research for educational change. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. McNiff, J., Whitehead, J. (2002). Action research: Principles and practice (2nd ed.). London: RoutledgeFalmer. Rainey, I. (2000). Action research and the English as a foreign language practitioner: Time to take stock. Educational Action Research, 8(1), 65-91. American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. (1998). ACTFL performance guidelines for K-12 learners. Yonkers, NY: Author. Burns, A. (1999). Collaborative action research for English language teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press. Fullan, M. (2000a). Change forces. The sequel. Philadelphia: Falmer Press. Fullan, M. (2000b). Leadership for the twenty-first century: Breaking the bonds of dependency. In The Jossey-Bass reader on educational leadership (pp. 156-63). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hartman, D. K. (1998). Stories teachers tell. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook. Kemmis, S., McTaggert, R. (1998). The action research planner. Geelong, Victoria, Australia: Deakin University Press. Mills, G. E. (2003). Action research: A guide for the teacher researcher. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Stringer, E. (1996). Action research: A handbook for practitioners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Wallace, M. J. (2000). Action research for language teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I would like to thank all of you for coming on such short notice. After all, 18 years hardly seems like enough time to prepare for graduation. In fact, as I stand up here and looking at all of my classmates, I wonder if I am ready to graduate. But I know that high school has merely been an appetizer in the seven course meal that we call life. And for all of you that know me -- family, friends and teachers -- you know that I have a great appreciation for food. Whether it's a juicy slab of prime rib at dinner or just a package of Fruitos during third period, I can never resist. It is so sad, because often times I even think in terms of food. In fact, as I sat down to write this speech the best form in which I could think of giving it was to compare our lives to a meal. In that meal, high school is merely the first course or an appetizer, a small sample that wets our appetites for the main dish. In the midst of indulging in our appetizers we sometimes forget that there is a main course yet to come. Some of us have sampled oysters and discovered that we have a hatred for seaf...

PESTLE analysis Essay

PESTLE analysis, which is sometimes referred as PEST analysis, is a concept in marketing principles. Moreover, this concept is used as a tool by companies to track the environment they’re operating in or are planning to launch a new project/product/service etc.PESTLE is a mnemonic which in its expanded form denotes P for Political, E for Economic, S for Social, T for Technological, L for Legal and E for Environmental. It gives a bird’s eye view of the whole environment from many different angles that one wants to check and keep a track of while contemplating on a certain idea/plan. Political and legal factors Political and legal factors are here regarded as a unit. They refer to framework given by politics. The exist regulatory or legal frameworks, which can be binding for regions, nations or on an international basis. The frameworks deal with economical issues or issues concerning the labour market.Subsidies for instance fall in the category of economical issues. According to the degree of support through subsidies, a country can be more or less attractive for a company. With respect to the labour law of a country, it can highly influence location decisions, too. If e.g. the dismissal protection in a country is very good, a firm may tend to choose a country with a more flexible hire-and-fire-system. Furthermore, political environment can have a significant influence on businesses, political factors affect consumer confidence and consumer and business spending. For instance, how stable is the political environment? This is particularly important for companies entering new markets. Government policies on regulation and taxation can vary from state to state and across national boundaries. Political considerations also encompass trade treaties, such as NAFTA, ASEAN, and EU. Such treaties tend to favor trade among the member countries but impose penalties or less favorable trade terms on nonmembers. Economical factors Economical factors deal with national or international economical developments and have a direct influence on supplier and consumer markets. Examples of economical factors that play a big role are: the GDP, the rate of inflation, interests, the change rate, employment or the situation of money markets. These economical factors influence demand, competition  intensity, cost pressure and the will to invest. For instance, if the gross domestic product of a country is fairly low, the demand is in general lower than in countries with a higher GDP. Social factors Social factors deal with social issues regarding the values, ideas, opinions and the culture of market participants. Market participants can be employees, customers or suppliers. Through their contact with the company, they influence it due to their opinions. The company needs to follow the market participant’s change of value and adapt its strategies. Nowadays, a change of values concerning environmental protection is on the move. Technological environmental factors Technological environmental factors are meanwhile of a great importance, especially for industrial companies, which underlie a fast technological change. The increasing speed of technological changes, like in microelectronics or robotics can either indicate risks or chances for a company. Particularly producing companies are affected of that fast evolution. Environmental factors At last, environmental factors are becoming more and more important nowadays. They regard natural resources and the basis of human life. Among those, the availability of raw materials and energy is the main topic. As the availability of fossil fuels, like oil or coal, gets worse within the next decades, the dependency on those fuels stays pretty risky. Moreover, to show an ecological responsibility, companies should assess and reduce their ecological damage. Through rare raw materials and increasing pollution, an environmentally friendly management gets spotlighted more and more by the public interest. Consequently, eco-friendly products or technologies can even signify a competitive advantage. To maximise on the benefit of PESTEL it should be used on a regular basis within an organisation to enable identification of any changes in trends. The impact of any external factor may have more severe impact on any division or department but, PESTEL will enable clarification why change is needed and identify potential solutions. As with all techniques there  advantages and disadvantages when ever using it.PASTEL includes some of these advatages;provides easy and simple to use framework for your analysis, helps to treduce threats and impacts of potential treats to your organisation. And also helps you to asses the level of implications of entering a new market both globally and nationaly. However it is also associated with the following disadvantages; as users can over simplfy information used in decision making in an organisation, assumptions often form the basis for most of the data used, making any decision made based on such data subjective. Users must not also succumb to paralysis by analysis where they gather too much information and forget that the objective of this tool is the identification of issues so that action can be taken.